Zhicheng Ji Lab, Duke University School of Medicine

About PI

Zhicheng Ji

I am a tenure-track Assistant Professor in the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics at Duke University, where I develop AI-driven methods for biomedical data science. My research focuses on building intelligent, generalizable systems that integrate machine learning, large language models, and multimodal biological data to advance scientific discovery.
A major direction of my work is the use of large language models in biomedical research. I study how models such as GPT-4 can perform tasks including cell-type annotation, code generation, and automated data analysis, and how they compare to human experts. My goal is to transform biomedical data analysis from manual, fragmented pipelines into adaptive, AI-guided systems that improve accessibility, efficiency, and reproducibility.
In parallel, I develop AI and deep learning methods for spatial transcriptomics and biomedical imaging, enabling the integration of molecular and spatial information to better understand tissue organization. I also apply these approaches to study cellular senescence and aging at single-cell resolution.
We contribute to large-scale consortia, including the Cellular Senescence Network (SenNet) and the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE).
My lab is primarily supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). I also serve as an Editorial Board Member for Genome Biology.

Team

Selected Research Articles

* indicates corresponding author

Large language models for single-cell genomics

➤ Zhao C, Ji Z*. Visual LLM-guided consensus spatial domain detection with L-STAR. 2026. Nature Communications (Accepted)
➤ Zhang X, Ji Z*. LLM-based cell type annotation harmonization across single-cell studies using GCTHarmony. 2026. Genome Biology
➤ Hou W*, Ji Z*. Assessing GPT-4 for cell type annotation in single-cell RNA-seq analysis. 2024. Nature Methods

Deep learning methods for biomedical imaging

➤ Ma H, Zhang X, Qu Y, Zhang AR, Ji Z*. Vispro improves imaging analysis for Visium spatial transcriptomics. 2025. Genome Biology
➤ Wang Y, Wang W, Liu D, Hou W, Zhou T*, Ji Z*. GeneSegNet: a deep learning framework for cell segmentation by integrating gene expression and imaging. 2023. Genome Biology

Statistical methods for spatialtemporal modeling of gene expression

➤ Zhuang H, Ji Z*. PreTSA: computationally efficient modeling of temporal and spatial gene expression patterns. 2026. Genome Biology
➤ Zhuang H, Shang X, Hou W*, Ji Z*. Identifying cell-type-specific spatially variable genes with ctSVG. 2025. Genome Biology

Methods for cellular senescence and aging

➤ Qu Y, Ji B, Dong R, Gu L, Chan C, Xie J, Glass C, Wang X, Nixon A, Ji Z*. Single-cell and spatial detection of senescent cells using DeepScence. 2025. Cell Genomics

General-purpose large language model research

➤ Hou W*, Ji Z*. Structural Divergence Between the Moltbook AI-Agent Network and Human Social Networks. 2026. Advanced Science
➤ Hou W*, Ji Z*. Comparing large language models and human programmers for generating programming code. 2025. Advanced Science
➤ Ma H, BIOSTAT 824 Student Consortium, Ji Z*. Evaluating large language models in biomedical data science challenges through a classroom experiment. 2025. PNAS

Teaching

BIOSTAT 824, Case Studies in Biomedical Data Science. Course Link